EpiFloripa Aging cohort study: methods, operational aspects, and follow-up strategies.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sample plan, operational aspects, and strategies used in the 2009/2010 and 2013/2014 EpiFloripa Aging Study. METHODS: The EpiFloripa Aging is a population-based longitudinal study with 1,705 older adults (60 years or more) living in the municipality of Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in 2009/2010 (baseline). The research was conducted with a face-to-face interviews, organized into blocks of identification, socioeconomic, mental health, health and life habits, global functionality, falls, physical activity, morbidities, use of health services, use of medications, food, oral health, and violence, evaluated in the first (2009/2010) and in the second wave (2013/2014). Additionally, in the second wave, we investigated the issue of discrimination and quality of life. RESULTS: The response rate of the first wave was 89.2% (n = 1,705). The baseline sample, with predominance of women (63.9%), was similar to the 2010 Census regarding age for women and slightly different for younger men. In the second wave, 1,197 participants were interviewed (response rate of 70.3%). Follow-up losses were only observed for the variable age group (p = 0.003), and predominantly for those aged 80 years or more. Mortality data linkage and active search for participants were used as a follow-up strategies. CONCLUSIONS: This study used strategies that were able to help locate the participants and maintain adherence, which ensured a good response rate during investigations.

Do sociodemographic, behavioral or health status variables affect longitudinal anthropometric changes in older adults? Population-based cohort study in Southern Brazil.

AIM: To assess the influence of sociodemographic, behavioral and health status variables on longitudinal changes in height, weight, and waist circumference in older adults. METHODS: This is a population-based cohort study in Southern Brazil (EpiFloripa Study) investigating 1702 individuals aged 70.6 ± 8.0 years (62.5% women). Height, weight and waist circumference were measured in 2009/10 and 2013/14 (n = 1197). Linear mixed regression models were used to estimate age-related changes in anthropometric measurements according to the explanatory variables. RESULTS: Unmarried individuals, with higher education level or household income, with excessive alcohol consumption, former smokers and positives for some chronic disease were heavier than their counterparts. Similar associations were observed for waist circumference in terms of marital status, smoking and the presence of chronic diseases. Height was higher among the wealthiest, in former smokers and those physically active. Only in men were a lower education level and being unmarried associated with higher weight loss after the age of 75 years, but not with waist circumference reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Despite their association with current height, weight and waist circumference, neither behavioral variables nor the presence of chronic diseases influenced the anthropometric changes. Less educated and unmarried men lose weight at a higher rate, showing a higher risk of sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2074-2082.

Severe obesity increases the prevalence but not the incidence of depressive symptoms in the elderly-population-based cohort in Southern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The relation between body weight status and depressive symptoms in the elderly differs according to age and country of origin. The goal of this study was to analyze the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and depressive symptoms in the elderly. METHODS: A population-based cohort study of 1,702 elderly individuals (70.6+8.0 years) in Southern Brazil evaluated in 2009/10 and 2013/14 was accessed. The body weight status was assessed using measured data of BMI and WC. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was used to determine depressive symptoms. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral variables was performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in 2009/10 was 23.3% (95% CI 20.3-26.6) and the cumulative incidence in the 4-years period was 10.9% (95% CI 8.7-13.6). Elderly people with obesity class II-III and WC in the highest quartile had higher prevalence odds ratio of being depressed than individuals with normal weight or WC in the lower quartile (OR 2.34; 95% CI 1.42-3.87 and OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.13-2.65, respectively). Meanwhile, intermediary values of BMI and WC were associated with a lower prevalence. When evaluating the incidence of depressive symptoms, overweight individuals and those in the second quartile of WC had a lower risk (58% and 57%, respectively), but severely obese individuals had the same risk compared to those with normal BMI/WC. CONCLUSIONS: Severely obese individuals presented a similar incidence of depressive symptoms compared to those with normal BMI/WC, but higher prevalence. Intermediary values of body weight status decrease the risk of depressive symptoms.

EpiFloripa Aging cohort study: methods, operational aspects, and follow-up strategies / Estudo de coorte EpiFloripa Idoso: métodos, aspectos operacionais e estratégias de seguimento

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the sample plan, operational aspects, and strategies used in the 2009/2010 and 2013/2014 EpiFloripa Aging Study. METHODS The EpiFloripa Aging is a population-based longitudinal study with 1,705 older adults (60 years or more) living in the municipality of Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in 2009/2010 (baseline). The research was conducted with a face-to-face interviews, organized into blocks of identification, socioeconomic, mental health, health and life habits, global functionality, falls, physical activity, morbidities, use of health services, use of medications, food, oral health, and violence, evaluated in the first (2009/2010) and in the second wave (2013/2014). Additionally, in the second wave, we investigated the issue of discrimination and quality of life. RESULTS The response rate of the first wave was 89.2% (n = 1,705). The baseline sample, with predominance of women (63.9%), was similar to the 2010 Census regarding age for women and slightly different for younger men. In the second wave, 1,197 participants were interviewed (response rate of 70.3%). Follow-up losses were only observed for the variable age group (p = 0.003), and predominantly for those aged 80 years or more. Mortality data linkage and active search for participants were used as a follow-up strategies. CONCLUSIONS This study used strategies that were able to help locate the participants and maintain adherence, which ensured a good response rate during investigations.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever o plano amostral, aspectos operacionais e estratégias utilizadas no Estudo EpiFloripa Idoso 2009/2010 e 2013/2014. MÉTODOS O EpiFloripa Idoso é um estudo de base populacional com 1.705 idosos (60 anos ou mais) residentes no município de Florianópolis, SC, em 2009/2010 (linha de base). A investigação foi realizada por meio de entrevista face a face, organizada nos blocos de identificação, geral (características socioeconômicas), saúde mental, saúde e hábitos de vida, funcionalidade global, quedas, atividade física, morbidades, uso de serviços de saúde, uso de medicamentos, alimentação, saúde bucal e violência, avaliados na primeira (2009/2010) e na segunda onda (2013/2014). Adicionalmente, na segunda onda, investigou-se a temática de discriminação e qualidade de vida. RESULTADOS A taxa de resposta na primeira onda foi de 89,2% (n = 1.705). A amostra da linha de base, com predomínio de mulheres (63,9%), foi semelhante ao Censo 2010 em relação à idade nas mulheres e ligeiramente diferente nos homens mais jovens. Na segunda onda, 1.197 participantes foram entrevistados (taxa de resposta de 70,3%). Houve perda de seguimento somente para a variável faixa etária (p=0,003), principalmente naqueles com 80 anos ou mais. Utilizou-se como estratégias de seguimento o relacionamento de dados e a busca ativa. CONCLUSÕES O presente estudo utilizou estratégias que conseguiram auxiliar na localização dos participantes e manutenção da aderência, o que garantiu boa taxa de resposta durante as investigações.

Evaluation of dysphagia risk, nutritional status and caloric intake in elderly patients with Alzheimer's / Avaliação do risco de disfagia, estado nutricional e ingestão calórica em idosos com Alzheimer / Evaluación de riesgos de la disfagia, el estado nutricional y la ingesta calórica en pacientes ancianos con Alzheimer

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the risk of dysphagia and its relationship with the stage of Alzheimer's Disease, as well as the relationship between the risk of dysphagia and nutritional status and caloric intake in elderly people with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: the sample consisted of 30 subjects of both genders with probable Alzheimer's disease. The stage of the disease, nutritional status, energy intake, and risk of dysphagia were assessed. RESULTS: it was found that increased risk of dysphagia is associated with the advance in the stages of Alzheimer's disease and that even patients in the early stages of disease have a slight risk of developing dysphagia. No association was found between nutritional status and the risk of dysphagia. High levels of inadequate intake of micronutrients were also verified in the patients. CONCLUSION: an association between dysphagia and the development of Alzheimer's disease was found. The results indicate the need to monitor the presence of dysphagia and the micronutrient intake in patients with Alzheimer's disease. .

OBJETIVO: avaliar o risco de disfagia e sua relação com o estágio da doença de Alzheimer, bem como a relação entre o risco de disfagia, o estado nutricional e a ingestão calórica em idosos com doença de Alzheimer. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi constituída por 30 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico provável de doença de Alzheimer. O estágio da doença, o estado nutricional, a ingestão energética e risco de disfagia foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: verificou- se que maior risco de disfagia está associado ao avanço das fases da doença de Alzheimer e mesmo os pacientes nos estágios iniciais da doença apresentam leve risco de desenvolvimento de disfagia. Não foi encontrada associação entre o estado nutricional e o risco de disfagia. Altos níveis de ingestão inadequada de micronutrientes em pacientes também foram observados. CONCLUSÃO: identificou-se associação entre disfagia e desenvolvimento da doença de Alzheimer. Os achados desta pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de monitorar a presença de disfagia e da ingestão de micronutrientes em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer. .

OBJETIVO: evaluar el riesgo de la disfagia y su relación con la etapa de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, así como la relación del riesgo de la disfagia y el estado nutricional y la ingesta calórica en los ancianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer. MÉTODOS: la muestra consistió en 30 sujetos de ambos sexos con probable enfermedad de Alzheimer. Se evaluó la etapa de la enfermedad, el estado nutricional, la ingesta de energía y el riesgo de disfagia. RESULTADOS: se encontró que un mayor riesgo de disfagia está asociado con el avance en las etapas de la enfermedad de Alzheimer e incluso los pacientes en las primeras etapas de la enfermedad tienen un ligero riesgo de desarrollar disfagia. No se encontró asociación entre el estado nutricional y el riesgo de disfagia. También verificamos los altos niveles de ingesta insuficiente de micronutrientes en los pacientes. CONCLUSIÓN: se encontró una asociación entre la disfagia y el desarrollo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Nuestros resultados apuntan a la necesidad de monitorear la presencia de disfagia y la ingesta de micronutrientes en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer. .

Evaluation of dysphagia risk, nutritional status and caloric intake in elderly patients with Alzheimer's.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the risk of dysphagia and its relationship with the stage of Alzheimer's Disease, as well as the relationship between the risk of dysphagia and nutritional status and caloric intake in elderly people with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: the sample consisted of 30 subjects of both genders with probable Alzheimer's disease. The stage of the disease, nutritional status, energy intake, and risk of dysphagia were assessed. RESULTS: it was found that increased risk of dysphagia is associated with the advance in the stages of Alzheimer's disease and that even patients in the early stages of disease have a slight risk of developing dysphagia. No association was found between nutritional status and the risk of dysphagia. High levels of inadequate intake of micronutrients were also verified in the patients. CONCLUSION: an association between dysphagia and the development of Alzheimer's disease was found. The results indicate the need to monitor the presence of dysphagia and the micronutrient intake in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Determinação e Avaliação do Fator de Correção de Hortaliças em uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição de Guarapuava - PR / Determination and Evaluation of the Correction Factor on Greeneries at a Nutrition and Feeding Unity in Guarapuava - PR

As perdas existentes no pré-preparo dos alimentos nas Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (UANs) podem auxiliar na avaliação do desperdício, um fato de suma importância devido aos custos gerados ao impacto social e ambiental. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar e avaliar o fator de correção de hortaliças utilizadas em uma UAN e comparar os valores encontrados com os dados presentes em outros estudos, a fim de avaliar o desperdício. Para o cálculo do fator de correção, utilizou-se a relação entre o peso bruto e o peso líquido. Foi aferido o peso de três amostras distintas, de cada um das quinze hortaliças (acelga, alface, alho, abobrinha, batata doce, batata inglesa, berinjela, beterraba, cebola, cenoura, repolho branco, pepino, pimentão, tomate e chuchu). Verificou-se que seis hortaliças apresentavam fatores de correção em conformidade com as três referências comparadas. Porém, a alface, o alho, a batata doce, batata inglesa, cenoura, acelga, cebola, o pepino e a beterraba apresentaram fator de correção acima do estabelecido por algum estudo. Com isso, vários fatores como condições de recebimento e de armazenamento (tempo e temperatura), assim como técnicas de pré-preparo, deveriam ser padronizados na UAN para diminuição do desperdício.

The losses in the preparation of foods at the Nutrition and Feeding Unity (NFU) can measure the waste, which is very important due to the high costs generated and the social and environmental impact. The present study aimed to determine and evaluate the correction factor on greeneries used in a NFU, and to compare the values with the data presented on other studies. To calculate the correction factor, the relation between the gross weight and net weight was used. Three distinct samples were measured, from the fifteen greeneries (chard, lettuce, garlic, zucchini, yam, English potato, eggplant, beetroot, onion, carrot, white cabbage, cucumber, pepper, tomato and chayote). It was observed that six greeneries presented correction factors complying with three references in literature. However, the lettuce, garlic, yam, English potato, carrot, chard, onion, cucumber, and beetroot presented correction factor above the one established by another study. Thereby, various factors including conditions of reception and storage (time and temperature), and processing techniques should be standardized at NFU in order to decrease the waste production.

Avaliação do trânsito intestinal em relação ao estilo de vida em idosos de um clube de terceira idade / Intestinal problems related to the way of life in aged people of a third age club

Hábitos de vida inadequados e alimentação imprópria associados ao envelhecimento são alguns dos principais fatores que podem agravar a saúde dos idosos e levar ao aparecimento de doenças como a constipação intestinal, hipertensão, osteoporose, mal de Alzheimer e de Parkinson. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o trânsito intestinal de idosos em relação ao estilo de vida em um clube de terceira idade. Tal estudo foi realizado com 136 idosos, na cidade de São João - Paraná, os quais responderam um formulário para identificar a constipação intestinal nesta população, bem como fatores que podem interferir no seu aparecimento. Dentre os entrevistados, 20,59% possuíam constipação intestinal. A média de ingestão de fibras na população total foi de 9,63g/dia. O alimento de maior ingestão diária relatado entre toda a amostra foram as hortaliças em geral. No que diz respeito à ingestão hídrica, a maioria dos idosos relatou ingerir de 1 a 3 copos de água por dia. Em relação à prática de atividade física, apenas 23,53% do total dos idosos não a praticavam, porém somente 25,73% a faziam diariamente. Ao analisar a presença de doenças e/ou uso de medicamentos que podem interferir no trânsito intestinal, 75,74% do total dos entrevistados possuíam uma doença e/ou utilizavam algum medicamento. Assim nota-se que, apesar da maioria dos idosos do estudo não possuir constipação intestinal, um número considerável deles apresentavam-na, o que torna necessária a realização de mais pesquisas a respeito da constipação em idosos.

Inadequate life habits and poor diet linked to the ageing are the principal factors that may aggravate the elderly health and bring about diseases, such as constipation, hypertension, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intestinal problems of 136 elderly people in a third age club in São João ? Paraná. They answered a questionnaire to identify constipation as well the factors that can interfere in this disease. Among those interviewed 20.59% had constipation. The average fiber intake in the total interviewed population was 9.63g/ day and the greater food intake was vegetables. Concerning the fluid intake, the majority of the aged people told they drink between 1 and 3 glasses of water a day. Regarding the physical activity, only 23.53% of them did not practice it; however 25.73% practice daily physical activities. Analyzing the presence of any disease or ingestion of any medicine which may cause constipation, the study found 75.74% of the interviewed people suffered some disease and/or used medicines. Although the majority of elderly do not have constipation, a considerable number of them had it, making it necessary to conduct more research on constipation subject.